Information provided by Advocates for Youth
What
is homosexuality?
Homosexuality
is emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to persons of the same sex. The
term homosexual has medical roots from the turn of the last century (early
1900s) and most people now prefer the terms gay and lesbian instead.
Is
being gay normal?
Homosexuality
is perfectly normal. It is a complete package of feelings and relationships
that make up a natural and satisfying identity. Homosexuality has existed
throughout humanity’s existence. Anthropologists report that lesbians and gay
men have been and are a part of every culture. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual
people are part of every socioeconomic class, educational level, and
race/ethnicity.
What
is bisexuality?
Bisexuality
is emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to people whose biological sex is
different than and the same as one’s own. Bisexuality is perfectly normal and
is a complete package of feelings and relationships that make up a natural and
satisfying identity. Bisexuality has existed throughout humanity’s existence
and in every culture. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are part of every
socioeconomic class, educational level, and race/ethnicity.
Are
homosexuality and bisexuality mental illnesses?
Homosexuality
and bisexuality are not mental illnesses. In 1973, the American Psychiatric
Association removed homosexuality from the official listing of psychiatric
disorders. In 1975, the American Psychological Association adopted a similar
resolution. Position statements of the American Medical Association and the
Society for Adolescent Medicine agree with these affirmations regarding sexual
orientation. Studies show that people’s sexual orientation has no bearing on
their mental health and emotional stability. When forced to remain in the
closet about one’s homosexuality or bisexuality, a person may experience
depression and other psychological problems; however, these problems stem from
a homophobic society and not from sexual orientation.
What
is homophobia?
Homophobia
is the irrational fear, disgust, or hatred of gays, lesbians, and/or bisexual
people, or of homosexual feelings in oneself. It refers to the discomfort one
feels with any behavior, belief, or attitude (in self or others) that does not
conform to traditional sex role stereotypes. Homophobia exhibits itself in the
fear of knowing, befriending, or associating with gays, lesbians, or bisexual
people; fear of being perceived as gay or lesbian; and/or fear of stepping out of
accepted gender role behavior.
What
is heterosexism?
Heterosexism is the assumption that every one is heterosexual. It
is a form of oppression* that
targets gays, lesbians, and bisexual people. Heterosexism confers rights and
privileges to heterosexual people that are denied to gay, lesbian, and bisexual
people. This is revealed through personal behaviors (telling ‘faggot’ jokes,
putting up graffiti, and/or offering verbal and physical harassment), and
discriminatory policies, such as denial of health, retirement, and housing
benefits. In addition, mainstream media provide few characterizations of gay,
lesbian, or bisexual people, and these few are usually stereotypes.
Do
gay men, lesbians, bisexual people, and transgender people have long-lasting relationships?
Yes,
a large portion of the GLBT community has a preference for, or is involved in,
a longstanding relationship. However, social rejection of homosexuality and of
transgender people frequently causes these relationships to be invisible. For example,
same sex marriages are currently not recognized in most states, and many
benefits for legal spouses are denied to domestic partners.
How
many gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people are there?
The
Kinsey Institute suggested that approximately 10 percent of the population may
be gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. This would equal approximately 28
million (per the U.S.
2000 census). However, the basis for the percentage is greatly disputed. Gay
men, lesbians, and bisexual people are found in all walks of life, among all
racial/ethnic groups, and at all socioeconomic levels. In addition, the number
of transgender people is greatly disputed and largely unknown. The number is
probably higher than experts estimate because the estimates are usually based
on the number of people who undergo sexual reassignment surgery, and many
transgender people do not pursue this surgery.
When
do gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people first know?
People
can realize their sexual orientation and gender identity at any point during
their lives. Many simply grow up knowing, while some come to understand their
identity and orientation later in life (in their teens or 20s, for example). It
is important to note that nothing someone encounters in life can ‘make’ one
gay, bisexual, lesbian, or transgender. Although events in a person’s life can
be catalysts toward self-discovery, sexual experience is not necessary for
anyone to understand their sexual orientation. How does a heterosexual male
know he is attracted to women before having sexual experience, or a
heterosexual woman know that she is attracted to men? They just know. It is the
same with gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. Similarly, a transgender person
does not have to have lived as a gender to know that it is his/her correct
gender.
Where
do gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people belong in the workplace?
Like
straight people, GLBT people belong anywhere that they can use their talents
and abilities. Sexual orientation and gender identity have nothing to do with
abilities, talents, or job performance. If forced to remain in the closet for
fear of job discrimination, a person may experience depression and other
psychological problems that could impair his/her ability to work effectively; but
it is homophobia and transphobia—not sexual orientation or gender identity—that
cause the problem.
Why
should people be informed about gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender issues?
Heterosexism
and homophobia are the result of ignorance about sexual orientation and gender
identity issues. Education about GLBTQ issues can help combat fear and
discrimination, enabling gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people to be
authentic and not to live a lie of false heterosexuality or gender identity in
order to be safe. For GLBTQ youth, who are more likely to experience depression
and rejection by friends and/or family, acceptance and understanding can even
be a matter of life and death, since the risk of suicide in GLBTQ adolescents
is two to three times greater than in their straight counterparts.
What
causes homosexuality?
Perhaps
a better question is “What determines sexual orientation (i.e.,
heterosexuality, bisexuality, and homosexuality)?” The factors that determine
sexual orientation are complex. There is a growing understanding that human
beings have a basic sexuality that can be expressed in a variety of
relationships: homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual, categories that are
fluid and may overlap. Although the causes are not known, some researchers
believe that one’s basic sexual orientation is predisposed at birth. While
one’s orientation may not be recognized or acknowledged for many years, once
established, it tends not to change.
Aren’t
gay and bi men effeminate and lesbian and bi women masculine?
Lesbian,
gay, and bisexual people are as varied in their dress, mannerisms, and
lifestyles as are heterosexual people. Despite this diversity, stereotypes
persist about the effeminate man or masculine woman. Although some gay people
reflect these characteristics, the overwhelming majority of lesbians and gay
men do not conform to these stereotypes. At the same time, many effeminate men
and masculine women are straight.
Aren’t
gay rights laws an attempt to get special privileges?
Gay
rights laws are civil rights laws consistent with the belief that all people
are entitled to such necessities as employment, housing, and business services
without fear of discrimination. Unfortunately, in many states, lesbian, gay,
bisexual, and transgender people can be fired from their jobs and denied
housing, credit, or insurance solely because of their sexual orientation,
gender identity, and/or gender expression. Therefore, GLBT people need
safeguards to prevent the discrimination that would limit or deny them opportunities
to live equally with the rest of society.
Do
lesbians and gay men want to be the opposite sex?
Although
some lesbians and gay men do not conform to expected gender roles, most
do not want to change their sex. Do not confuse transgender people with
lesbians and gay men
.
What
is the difference between sexual preference and sexual orientation?
Sexual
orientation is not a choice. Preference implies choice. Being gay, lesbian, or
bisexual is sexual orientation. Sexual preference is a term that might apply
to a bisexual person who prefers people of a particular biological sex.
However, it is important to understand that many bisexual people do not have a
sexual preference.
Won’t
gay parents make their kids gay?
Research
has shown that children of lesbian or gay parents are no more likely to become
gay or lesbian than children of heterosexual parents. This simply supports the
fact that nothing ‘makes’ a person gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Same-sex couples
are just as capable of raising a child as are heterosexual couples.
What
do transgender, transsexual, and crossdresser mean? And, are they the same?
First
of all, they are not at all the same. To understand these terms, we must first
understand the difference between biological sex and gender identity.
Biological sex is a physical condition, identified at birth by one’s primary
sex characteristics (penis and scrotum for males and vulva, labia, clitoris,
and vagina for females). Gender identity is a combination of one’s personal
internal recognition of the gender that is one’s own, the degree to which that
internal recognition conforms or fails to conform to one’s biological sex, and
how one desires to be recognized by others: as male, female, or genderqueer.
Transgender, transsexual, and crossdressing people may have any sexual
orientation.
• Transgender
is an umbrella term referring to people whose gender identity differs from
the social expectations for the biological sex identified as theirs at birth
(using primary sex characteristics). Since these social expectations include
gender roles (feminine women and masculine men), people who do not conform to
prescribed gender roles
may be
considered part of the transgender community. A transgender person may or may
not ever choose to become transsexual.
• Transsexual
refers to a person who experiences a mismatch of the body and the brain and
sometimes undergoes medical treatment, including hormone therapy and sexual
reassignment surgery, to change physical sex to match gender identity.
• Crossdressers
(formerly known as transvestites) are people who like to dress in the
clothing of the gender identity opposite to that considered socially
appropriate to their biological sex. Most crossdressers are content with their
own biological sex and gender identity. Most crossdressers do not want
to be the other biological sex or to be another gender.
What
does it mean to be intersex?
Intersex
people (once called hermaphrodites) are people born with ambiguous genitalia or
genitalia having characteristics of both sexes. Usually a doctor will
immediately perform surgery to assign the infant’s sex, usually removing male
characteristics and ‘creating’ a female. Because this surgery is medically
unnecessary, advocates today are asking that doctors and parents wait until the
child is old enough to self-identify the appropriate biological sex and gender
and also old enough to choose whether or not to have the surgery. Some who had
surgery as infants later experience conflict with their assigned gender,
similar to that experienced by transgender people. They may opt for hormone
therapy and surgery to transition to the gender that they should have had.
About one in every 2,000 people is intersex.
What
does the term ‘queer’ mean?
This
word, once a derogatory term for gay men, bisexuals, lesbians, and transgender
people, has recently been reclaimed by the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and
transgender community as a term of pride. However, many have not chosen to
reclaim the word and still see it as a derogatory, similar to the terms ‘dyke’
and ‘fag.’
There
are only two genders, right?
Traditionally,
gender has meant either ‘male’ or ‘female.’ Gender is the collection of
behaviors, dress, attitudes, etc., culturally assigned to people according to
their biological sex. However, there is really a range of genders, including
male and female, but also including genderqueer or gender ambiguous, butch (man
or woman), femme (man or woman), transgender (sometimes considered a gender),
and many others.
What
is pansexuality? What is genderqueer?
The
term ‘bisexual’ implies a sexual attraction towards people whose biological sex
is different than and the same as one’s own. Since, however, there are more
than two genders, some people do not self-identify as bisexual, finding
themselves attracted to people across a spectrum of genders. These people have
adopted different terms, including pansexual, a term that can also apply to
people whose gender is fluid or who consider themselves genderqueer (or
genderless).
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